Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, creating an osmotic gradient that draws water into the ECM, helping it resist compression.

Question 2

A patient presents with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of collagen fibers. Which tissue function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability of tissues to resist stretching and tensile forces.

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is most important in preventing the leakage of substances between cells in the lining of the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply, so nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through the ECM, limiting repair.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts.

Question 6

A tissue sample shows cells with multiple nuclei, striations, and voluntary control. Which tissue type is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive meshwork that helps trap foreign cells and support the structure of organs like the spleen and lymph nodes.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissues are avascular?

Accepted Answer

Their cells are too tightly packed to allow blood vessels to penetrate.

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin C is likely to have impaired wound healing. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of functional collagen by fibroblasts.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They are protein channels that allow small substances to pass directly between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, facilitating communication.

Question 11

Which of the following epithelial tissues is best adapted for rapid diffusion of gases and is found in the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy, insulating the body, and providing shock absorption

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts divide and produce collagen, filling the gap with dense irregular connective tissue (scar tissue).

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is striated, has intercalated discs, and contracts involuntarily.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the ECM?

Accepted Answer

They bind cells to each other and to protein fibers, maintaining normal tissue architecture.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a basal lamina produced by epithelial cells and a reticular lamina produced by connective tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas subject to high mechanical stress, such as the skin and mouth?

Accepted Answer

Its multiple layers of cells provide a protective barrier against abrasion and injury.

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of nervous tissue compared to other tissue types?

Accepted Answer

It contains neurons capable of generating and transmitting electrical impulses.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line body cavities that do not open to the outside and secrete a watery fluid to reduce friction between moving organs.

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of gap junctions in cardiac muscle. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells, leading to abnormal heart contractions.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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