Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin?

$$\text{7-dehydrocholesterol} + \text{UVB radiation} \rightarrow \text{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3\text{)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

To act as the first barrier to keep good things such as water in, and bad things such as harmful bacteria out

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 3

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed both the epidermis and the dermis, resulting in permanent hair loss in the affected area. Which of the following best explains why hair loss is permanent after a third-degree burn?

Accepted Answer

The stem cells in the stratum basale and hair follicle are destroyed, preventing regeneration

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the membrane type with its location?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membrane – lines body cavities open to the exterior

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous production of new skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 6

Aging skin is often more sensitive to cold and more prone to bruising. Which of the following changes best explains these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Thinning of the dermis and loss of subcutaneous fat

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of synovial membranes compared to epithelial membranes?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a watery fluid to reduce friction in joint cavities

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery, odorless fluid important for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker fluid that can develop odor due to bacterial action

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{7-dehydrocholesterol} + 	ext{UVB radiation} ightarrow 	ext{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3	ext{)}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of melanin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Protects DNA from ultraviolet (UV) damage

Question 11

A patient with a genetic disorder has a defect in keratin production. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dehydration due to impaired water retention

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to help regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

By activating sweat glands and dilating blood vessels in the dermis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a skin appendage and its function?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicle – anchors hair and is involved in sensation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It forms fingerprints and contains capillary loops for nutrient exchange

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a malfunctioning mucous membrane in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection due to reduced trapping of pathogens

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why infections and allergies are considered homeostatic imbalances of the skin?

Accepted Answer

They disrupt the normal protective and regulatory functions of the skin

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It contains collagen and elastic fibers that provide strength and flexibility

Question 18

A patient with a mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to mechanical injury due to poor cell-to-cell adhesion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the epidermis and the dermis?

Accepted Answer

The dermis supports the epidermis with blood supply and structural proteins

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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