Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It provides a waterproof barrier and protects against abrasion and penetration.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the entire thickness of the skin, appearing white and leathery. According to the rule of nines, if both anterior and posterior lower limbs are affected, what percentage of the body surface area is burned?

Accepted Answer

$$36\%$$

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for immune defense by acting as a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 4

A surgical incision is planned on the trunk. To minimize scarring and promote better healing, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to the cleavage lines

Question 5

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing a secretion that helps lubricate and soften hair and skin, and is classified as a holocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 6

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the production of melanin would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of UV-induced DNA damage

Question 7

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 8

A patient has a blister after a burn. Which degree of burn is most likely present, and which layers are affected?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; epidermis and upper dermis

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Caucasian skin appears pinkish?

Accepted Answer

Low melanin allows hemoglobin color to show through

Question 10

Which structure is responsible for the formation of fingerprints and enhances gripping ability?

Accepted Answer

Dermal papillae on dermal ridges

Question 11

A patient is unable to sweat due to a genetic disorder. Which physiological process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Production of keratin

Question 13

Which type of hair is most likely to be found on the scalp of an adult male?

Accepted Answer

Terminal hair

Question 14

A patient presents with a rapidly growing, pigmented lesion on the skin. Which type of skin cancer is most likely and why is it considered dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma; because it can metastasize quickly

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the secretion mechanism of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine secretion

Question 16

A person with a mutation affecting the function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased water loss through the skin

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to skin infections?

Accepted Answer

Thinning of the epidermis and decreased immune cell function

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deep to superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 19

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D synthesis due to lack of sun exposure is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 20

Which of the following structures is responsible for making hair stand on end during cold or emotional states?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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