Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Based on bone classification, the patella is an example of which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Calcium phosphate, collagen fibers, and hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 4

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing and removing bone matrix through osteolysis

Question 5

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels fall below normal, and what is one of its effects?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclast activity

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces existing cartilage

Question 7

During bone remodeling, what would happen if osteoclast activity predominates over osteoblast activity?

Accepted Answer

Bones would weaken

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of spongy bone but NOT compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Matrix arranged in trabeculae

Question 9

A child’s X-ray shows a visible epiphyseal plate in the femur. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The bone is still growing in length

Question 10

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – part of a joint articulation

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{Ca}_3(\mathrm{PO}_4)_2 + \mathrm{Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2 $$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer

Question 13

A 25-year-old athlete increases bone density through weight training. Which cellular activity is most responsible for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased osteoblast activity

Question 14

Which of the following statements about bone growth is correct?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate

Question 15

Which bone cell type is derived from the same stem cells as macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why injuries to bones can be very painful?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain a network of sensory nerves in the periosteum and endosteum

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone marking and example?

Accepted Answer

Trochanter – femur

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 19

Which hormone would be released in response to hypercalcemia, and what is one of its effects?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; inhibits osteoclast activity

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between open (compound) and closed (simple) fractures?

Accepted Answer

Open fractures project through the skin, while closed fractures are completely internal

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions