Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body pH

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which region of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and the release of stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the primary event that occurs at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes enlarge and the matrix begins to calcify

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone in the cranium?

Accepted Answer

A core of spongy bone (diploë) sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Question 6

A 12-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets. Which deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Foramen – passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Question 9

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Brittle and fragile bones

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling, making bones thicker and stronger

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the main inorganic component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 12

A patient has a fracture that does not break the skin and is completely internal. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → Callus formation → Spongy bone formation → Compact bone formation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling allows bones to adapt to stress and maintain mineral homeostasis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons, while spongy bone is organized into trabeculae

Question 16

A 16-year-old athlete has an X-ray showing a visible epiphyseal line in the femur. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate has closed and longitudinal growth has stopped

Question 17

Which of the following nutrients is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix and help repair damaged bone

Question 19

A patient with Marfan syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following skeletal characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilages, resulting in long, slender limbs

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why bones become more fragile with age?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sex hormone levels leading to reduced bone mass

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions