$$\text{Bone mass} = \text{Osteoblast activity} - \text{Osteoclast activity}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the patella. Which bone classification does the patella belong to?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 3

Which bone marking is most likely to serve as a site for muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Process

Question 4

What is the primary structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 5

Which equation best represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 6

Which bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from the same stem cells as macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, what is the significance of the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

It separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis and allows for bone lengthening

Question 8

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels fall below normal, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases blood calcium levels

Question 9

A child’s medullary cavity contains mostly red bone marrow. What is the primary function of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of circumferential lamellae

Question 11

Which bone cell type is most important for fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell

Question 12

What is the main function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Allow osteocytes to exchange nutrients, wastes, and gases

Question 13

Which process describes the direct formation of bone from mesenchymal tissue, without a cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 14

If osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity during bone remodeling, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Bones weaken

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Muscle and nerve dysfunction

Question 16

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where a nerve or blood vessel passes through a bone?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bones are both strong and somewhat flexible?

Accepted Answer

Bones combine collagen fibers (flexibility) and hydroxyapatite crystals (compression resistance)

Question 18

Which bone membrane is involved in bone growth, repair, and remodeling, and lines the inner surfaces of bone?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 19

During bone remodeling, which equation best represents the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone mass} = 	ext{Osteoblast activity} - 	ext{Osteoclast activity}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the timing of epiphyseal closure?

Accepted Answer

It varies among bones and individuals

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions