$$\text{Bone resorption} \rightarrow \text{Ca}^{2+} \text{ released into blood}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

They form a meshwork that helps bones resist stress from multiple directions.

Question 2

During endochondral ossification, which event occurs immediately after the formation of the bone collar around the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage in the diaphysis calcifies and develops cavities.

Question 3

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is characterized by rapid mitosis of cartilage cells?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation zone

Question 4

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is released to restore calcium homeostasis, and what is its primary effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 6

According to Wolff’s Law, how does bone respond to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows and remodels in response to the demands placed on it.

Question 7

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what enzyme does it use?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; osteolytic enzyme

Question 8

What is the main difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification uses hyaline cartilage as a model, while intramembranous ossification occurs directly within fibrous connective tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between calcium ion concentration and bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone resorption} ightarrow 	ext{Ca}^{2+} 	ext{ released into blood}$$

Question 10

A child with bowed legs and soft bones is most likely suffering from which disorder, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; deficiency of vitamin D leading to poor calcium absorption

Question 11

Which bone marking is most likely to be found at the site of muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Organic collagen fibers provide flexibility, while inorganic hydroxyapatite provides hardness.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the increase in bone width during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 14

What is the primary function of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the bone matrix and act as mechanosensors

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of Paget’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Bones are porous and abnormally curved.

Question 16

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are high, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; inhibits osteoclasts and promotes calcium storage in bone.

Question 17

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 18

Which equation best represents the hormonal regulation of calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low Ca}^{2+} ightarrow 	ext{PTH released} ightarrow 	ext{Osteoclast activation} ightarrow 	ext{Ca}^{2+} 	ext{ released}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate maintains constant thickness because the rate of growth equals the rate of replacement with bony tissue.

Chapter 6: Bones & Skeletal Tissues – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions