Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the immune system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It identifies and destroys external invaders and abnormal self cells to maintain internal stability.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the body's first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Stomach acid

Question 3

A patient receives a kidney transplant and soon develops an immune response against the new organ. Which molecules are primarily responsible for the recognition of the foreign tissue?

Accepted Answer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the immune system requires a three-step activation process for T cells?

Accepted Answer

To prevent autoimmunity and ensure only appropriate targets are attacked

Question 5

Which of the following leukocytes is most abundant in human blood and is a key player in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 6

During a viral infection, which type of immune cell is expected to increase in the blood as part of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They act as antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity.

Question 8

A person is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which antibody class is most likely to increase during the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of cytokines during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

They increase blood flow to the infected area, attracting more immune cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between MHC class I and MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I presents endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells, while MHC class II presents exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a hallmark of the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is rapid and non-specific, with no memory of previous encounters.

Question 12

A patient with a deficiency in self-tolerance mechanisms is most likely to develop which type of pathology?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the concept of herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is the reduction in the number of susceptible hosts in a population, limiting the spread of pathogens.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disease eradicated by vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Smallpox

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

Accepted Answer

They attack and destroy cells displaying MHC-I antigen complexes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity but NOT innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Memory of previous encounters with specific pathogens

Question 17

A person with a genetic defect that prevents the production of B cells would have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Generating antibodies in response to infection

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

PRRs detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger immune responses.

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely outcome if a person receives a mismatched blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

The recipient will develop antibodies against the donor's RBC antigens, leading to RBC lysis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between live attenuated and killed vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened pathogens that can replicate, while killed vaccines contain pathogens that cannot replicate.

Chapter 7: The Immune System – Structure, Function, and Integration in Human Physiology

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