Question 1

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 2

Refer to the pH scale in the second image. If a patient’s blood pH drops to 7.0, how would you classify their condition and what does this indicate about their hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

They are in acidosis; their $$[H^+] is $$higher than normal.

Question 3

The third image shows a model of beads forming a chain. In biological terms, what does this model represent?

Accepted Answer

A polymer

Question 4

Based on the fourth image, which type of reaction is responsible for building a longer polymer chain from monomers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

The fifth image illustrates the breakdown of a polymer. What molecule is required for this process, and what is the name of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

Water; hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following is a monosaccharide, as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

According to the seventh image, which disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 8

The eighth image shows a polysaccharide structure. Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

Refer to the ninth and tenth images. What is the result of the dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and three fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A triglyceride

Question 10

Based on the twelfth and thirteenth images, what structural feature distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbons; unsaturated fats have at least one double bond.

Question 11

The fourteenth and fifteenth images show the structure of a phospholipid. Why are phospholipids essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

Their polar heads and nonpolar tails allow them to form bilayers that separate cell contents from the environment.

Question 12

The sixteenth image shows the structure of cholesterol. Which of the following is NOT a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Main energy storage molecule

Question 13

The seventeenth image shows collagen. What type of protein is collagen, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous protein; mechanical support

Question 14

The eighteenth image shows an enzyme interacting with a substrate. What is the main function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 15

The twenty-fourth image shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which part of the molecule determines the unique properties of each amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 16

The twenty-sixth image shows the formation of a peptide bond. What type of reaction forms a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 17

The twenty-seventh through thirtieth images show the four levels of protein structure. Which level is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 18

The thirty-first and thirty-second images compare fibrous and globular proteins. Which statement is true about fibrous proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are strandlike, provide mechanical support, and are generally insoluble in water.

Question 19

The thirty-third image shows the effect of enzymes on activation energy. What is the effect of an enzyme on a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy required.

Question 20

The thirty-fourth image shows the enzyme-substrate complex. What happens to the enzyme after the reaction is complete?

Accepted Answer

It is released unchanged and can catalyze another reaction.

Chemical Level of Organization: Inorganic and Organic Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards