Question 1

Which of the following statements about protons, neutrons, and electrons is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons contribute to atomic mass.

Question 2

A neutral sodium atom (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 4

What happens to NaCl (table salt) when it is dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

It dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions due to hydration spheres.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Because of hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H+ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following equations represents the bicarbonate buffer system in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O + CO_2$ \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 9

If a patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.50, which condition are they experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about valence electrons?

Accepted Answer

They determine the chemical bonding properties of an atom.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and is positively charged.

Question 12

Which of the following acids is commonly found in the stomach and is important for digestion?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid ($$\mathrm{HCl})$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a buffer’s function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It maintains pH by combining with or releasing H+ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

It is unique to each element and never changes.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is most likely to form polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 16

A molecule that releases H+ ions in solution is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An acid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipids do not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and cannot form hydration spheres.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of bases in a solution?

Accepted Answer

They lower the concentration of H+ ions by accepting protons.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system

Chemistry and Physiology: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions