Question 1

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable internal temperature in humans during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.0. Which buffer system is primarily responsible for restoring normal blood pH, and what is the chemical equation for this system?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system; $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together by removing a water molecule.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of sodium hydroxide in water, and what is the significance of the ions produced?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^-}$$; Na+ is a cation and OH- is a hydroxyl ion, both are electrolytes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions in water, increasing the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration, and is the solution acidic or basic?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{[H^+]=10$$^{-5}$$\,M}$$; the solution is acidic.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stores glucose in animal tissues such as liver and muscle.

Question 8

Which structural feature distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, allowing them to pack tightly.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 10

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

A mutation causes a protein to misfold and aggregate in neurons. Which disease is most likely associated with this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which enzymes speed up biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 13

Which factor does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Color of the enzyme

Question 14

Which structural difference between DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy by hydrolyzing its terminal phosphate group.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a protein function?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibitors is correct?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, blocking substrate access.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a nucleotide component in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and thymine base

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy; anabolism builds molecules and consumes energy.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Biochemistry and Organic Molecules in Human Physiology

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