Question 1

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with little temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.0 during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. What is the clinical significance of this finding?

Accepted Answer

It predicts a poor outcome for the patient.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They resist changes in pH by releasing or binding $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 4

What happens to the pH of a solution when the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions increases?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases, making the solution more acidic.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of sodium hydroxide in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}^+ + \mathrm{OH}^-$$

Question 6

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

Which structural feature distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 9

A protein's tertiary structure is primarily stabilized by which of the following interactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in their action?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrates.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular work.

Question 13

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme acts by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate access.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg, causing the egg white to solidify.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen in the blood

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain blood pH by responding to changes in $$[H^+].$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and cellular communication

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy; anabolism builds molecules and consumes energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Biochemistry and Organic Molecules in Human Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions