Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight, as illustrated by the comparison of a person on Earth and Mars?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant, while weight is the force exerted by gravity and changes with location.

Question 2

A ball is held at the edge of a cliff and then dropped. Which statement best explains the energy transformation that occurs?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the ball falls.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n^2$$

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of body mass in humans?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 5

A sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom, forming NaCl. What type of bond is formed and what are the resulting ions called?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond; sodium cation and chloride anion

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds are formed by chemical bonding, mixtures are physically intermixed.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining to form a protein

Question 8

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction where one atom loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).

Question 10

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing concentration of reactants

Question 11

A solution contains 10 grams of NaCl dissolved in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent concentration of NaCl in this solution?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why chemical reactions in the body are often irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Large amounts of energy are released and products are removed from the reaction site.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of a colloid?

Accepted Answer

Heterogeneous mixture that can undergo sol-gel transformations

Question 14

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges on the molecule.

Question 16

Calculate the molecular weight of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) using the following atomic weights: C = 12.011, H = 1.008, O = 15.999.

Accepted Answer

$$180.156$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of radiant energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Light stimulating the retina for vision

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They release energy and the products have less potential energy than the reactants.

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body and is essential for thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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