Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, which may be of the same or different elements, while a compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, which allows it to dissolve many substances essential for life.

Question 3

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of salt in 100 mL of water. In this solution, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Salt is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are non-polar molecules and water is a polar solvent.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions

Question 6

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1. Which of the following best describes what is happening and how the body responds?

Accepted Answer

The blood is becoming more acidic; buffers will bind H+ ions to raise the pH.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions in water, while bases release hydroxyl ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP transfers energy for cellular activities.

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

A neutral solution has a pH of 7. What does this indicate about the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+]$$ and hydroxide ions $$[OH^-]$$?

Accepted Answer

The concentrations of $$[H^+]$$ and $$[OH^-]$$ are equal.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and is positively charged.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of the hierarchy of organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions to rates compatible with life.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a raw material for vitamin D synthesis and steroid hormone production.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule and its building block?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – nucleotide

Question 17

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 3. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

One hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 19

Which of the following is a pentose sugar found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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