Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not involve chemical bonding.

Question 2

A solution contains 180.12 grams of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter. What is the molarity (M) of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ M$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a suspension found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood, because blood cells settle out if left undisturbed.

Question 4

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why noble gases like helium and neon are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their outermost electron shell is completely filled.

Question 6

What type of chemical bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in $$H_2O$$

Question 8

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for diagnostic imaging. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy that can be detected by scanners as they decay.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the octet rule and its significance in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 11

A solution contains 0.1 moles of NaCl dissolved in 1 liter of water. How many molecules of NaCl are present in this solution? (Avogadro’s number $$= 6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$)

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{22}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is a liquid at room temperature, while carbon dioxide is a gas?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, while carbon dioxide molecules are not.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

The joining of amino acids to form a protein

Question 14

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large particles that do not settle out and can undergo sol-gel transformations

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life application of the concept of energy conversion inefficiency in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Some energy from food is lost as heat during metabolic reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which bonds are both made and broken, such as ATP transferring a phosphate to glucose

Question 19

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) readily forms an ionic bond with chlorine (Cl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium has one electron in its outer shell, which it loses to achieve stability, while chlorine gains that electron to complete its valence shell.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Human Anatomy & Physiology

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