$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on that object.

Question 2

Which property is unique to solids compared to liquids and gases?

Accepted Answer

Defined shape and defined volume

Question 3

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Question 4

What is the atomic number of an element defined by?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na+. What type of ion is Na+?

Accepted Answer

A cation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 8

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of water that is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and retain heat.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound contains atoms of more than one element.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule

Question 13

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the first electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ionic compounds like NaCl dissociate in water?

Accepted Answer

The polar water molecules break the ionic bonds by attracting the positive and negative ions.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between polar molecules due to attraction between slight charges.

Question 16

A radioactive isotope is used in a PET scan to detect active regions in the body. What property of radioactive isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy as they decay, which can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is considered inert and does not interact with other atoms under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Neon (Ne)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons determine how atoms interact and bond with other atoms.

Question 19

Which equation shows the relationship between the number of protons, electrons, and the charge of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Charge of ion} = 	ext{Number of protons} - 	ext{Number of electrons}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life application of the high heat capacity of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It helps minimize temperature fluctuations during exercise.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Atoms, and Bonds

Study Guide - Practice Questions