Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in the context of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP before contraction, while kinetic energy is the energy of muscle movement during contraction.

Question 2

Given an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 6, Mass number = 12

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the subatomic particles of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a negative charge and are found in orbitals around the nucleus.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four that make up the bulk of body matter?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 5

A sodium atom loses one electron to become a sodium ion. What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Cation, +1 charge

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom.

Question 7

Which of the following chemical equations represents a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

What is the main difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule with at least two different elements.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of bond strength from strongest to weakest?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Question 11

A solution contains 5 grams of NaCl dissolved in enough water to make 100 mL of solution. What is the percent concentration of NaCl in this solution?

Accepted Answer

5%

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large particles that do not settle out and can undergo sol-gel transformations.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration to release ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants.

Question 16

A radioactive isotope is used in medical imaging. What property makes it useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

It emits energy as it decays, which can be detected by scanners.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence shell, making them stable and unreactive.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Particles are large and will settle out over time.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Atoms, Bonds, and Chemical Reactions

Study Guide - Practice Questions