$$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow \text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11} + \text{H}_2\text{O} $$

Stores and releases calcium ions ($$ \text{Ca}^{2+} ) $$necessary for muscle contraction

$$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP} $$

$$ \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^- $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 2

A patient is found to have low blood calcium. Which homeostatic mechanism will restore calcium levels, and what hormone is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands to stimulate osteoclast activity and increase calcium reabsorption in kidneys

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 ightarrow 	ext{C}_{12}	ext{H}_{22}	ext{O}_{11} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} $$

Question 4

Which of the following transport processes requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Na+/K+ pump

Question 5

A red blood cell placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution will:

Accepted Answer

Remain unchanged because the solution is isotonic

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Stores and releases calcium ions ($$ 	ext{Ca}^{2+} ) $$necessary for muscle contraction

Question 7

Which equation represents the reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP} $$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms

Question 9

During endochondral ossification, which type of tissue is converted to bone, and where does this process typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage; occurs in most bones of the body including long bones

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps'

Question 11

Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Which equation represents the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3 \leftrightarrow 	ext{H}^+ + 	ext{HCO}_3^- $$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between Volkmann and Haversian canals in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Volkmann canals run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone, connecting Haversian canals

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of acetylcholine in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the retina?

Accepted Answer

Detects light and converts it into neural signals

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of a sympathomimetic drug?

Accepted Answer

Mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the choroid plexus?

Accepted Answer

Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Regulates voluntary motor movements and procedural learning

Comprehensive Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions