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Comprehensive Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam

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Introduction to Muscles and Muscle Tissue

  • Types of Muscle Tissue
    6:31
  • Introduction to Muscles and Muscle Tissue Example 1
    2:00
  • Properties of Muscle Tissue
    4:36

Structure of a Skeletal Muscle

  • The Muscle Fiber
    7:47
  • Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Example 2
    2:46
  • Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Example 1
    3:04

Sliding Filament Theory and the Sarcomere

  • Structure of the Sarcomere: Bands, Zones, Discs & Lines
    6:01
  • Proteins of the Sarcomere
    7:18
  • Sliding Filament Theory and the Sacromere Example 2
    2:26

Steps of Muscle Contraction

  • B. Excitation-Contraction Coupling
    5:47
  • C. Cross Bridge Cycle
    7:39
  • Steps of Muscle Contraction Example 3
    3:26

Muscle Actions

  • Muscle Actions Example 1
    3:55
  • Muscle Actions
    5:41

Introduction to Nervous Tissue

  • Intro to Nervous Tissue
    04:36

Ions - Sodium and Potassium

  • Standard Sodium and Potassium Concentrations
    03:35
  • The Sodium Potassium Pump
    03:40
  • Ions - Sodium and Potassium Example 3
    01:55

Resting Membrane Potential

  • Resting Membrane Potential
    07:53
  • Resting Membrane Potential Example 1
    01:28

Change in Membrane Potential

  • Change in Membrane Potential Example 1
    01:45
  • Change in Membrane Potential
    03:31

Properties of Graded and Action Potentials

  • Graded and Action Potentials
    05:17
  • Properties of Graded and Action Potentials Example 1
    01:26

Action Potentials

  • Action Potentials Example 1
    02:36
  • Action Potential
    03:53

The Refractory Period

  • The Refractory Period Example 1
    01:10
  • Refractory Period
    06:26

Propagation of Action Potentials

  • Propagation of Action Potentials Example 1
    02:01
  • Types of Propagation: Saltatory Conduction
    03:11
  • Types of Propagation: Continuous Conduction
    03:50

Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System

  • Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System Example 1
    1:06
  • Peripheral Nervous System
    3:33

Introduction to Reflex Arcs

  • Introduction to Reflex Arcs Example 2
    0:41
  • Introduction to Reflex Arcs
    4:03
  • Types of Reflex Arcs
    5:15

Reflex Arcs

  • Reflex Arcs Example 1
    1:09
  • Tendon Reflex
    3:01
  • Stretch Reflex
    3:37

Levels of Organization

  • The Levels of Organization
    05:04
  • Levels of Organization Example 1
    02:22

Anatomical Position

  • Anatomical Position
    02:40
  • Anatomical Position Example 1
    02:35

Introduction to Directional Terms

  • Introduction to Directional Terms
    03:00

Introduction to Anatomical Terms for Body Regions

  • Introduction to Anatomical Terms
    03:21

Homeostasis

  • Introduction to Homeostasis
    01:59
  • Homeostasis Example 1
    03:46

Feedback Loops

  • Introduction to Feedback Loops
    04:09
  • Feedback Loops Example 1
    01:57

Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback

  • Negative Feedback Loops
    03:26
  • Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback Example 1
    03:00
  • Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback Example 2
    02:17

Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback

  • Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback Example 1
    02:43
  • Positive Feedback Loops
    03:25

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

  • Guided course
    Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 1
    02:13
  • Guided course
    Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter Example 3
    03:51
  • Guided course
    Electron Orbitals & Energy Shells
    09:44

Isotopes

  • Guided course
    Isotopes
    06:50
  • Guided course
    Radioactive Isotopes
    03:27

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

  • Guided course
    Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Bonds
    03:53
  • Guided course
    Map of the Lesson on Chemical Bonding
    02:42
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Chemical Bonding
    06:53

Ionic Bonding

  • Guided course
    Ions: Anions vs. Cations
    04:34
  • Guided course
    Ionic Bonds
    06:07

Covalent Bonds

  • Guided course
    Covalent Bonds
    04:28
  • Guided course
    Polar Covalent Bonds
    06:59
  • Guided course
    Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
    05:58

Hydrogen Bonding

  • Guided course
    Hydrogen Bonding
    05:03

Introduction to Water

  • Guided course
    Introduction to Water
    01:54
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Water Example 1
    01:51
  • Guided course
    Emergent Properties of Water
    01:29

Acids and Bases

  • Guided course
    Acids
    02:45
  • Guided course
    Acids and Bases
    01:29
  • Guided course
    Bases
    02:54

pH Scale

  • Guided course
    Buffers
    05:38
  • Guided course
    pH Scale
    07:58

Introduction to Biomolecules

  • Guided course
    Introduction to Biomolecules
    01:22
  • Guided course
    Map of the Lesson on Biomolecules
    02:00

Monomers & Polymers

  • Guided course
    Building & Breaking-Down Polymers
    04:19
  • Guided course
    Monomers & Polymers
    03:42

Carbohydrates

  • Guided course
    Formation & Breakdown of Polysaccharides
    03:08
  • Guided course
    Carbohydrates
    04:53
  • Guided course
    Carbohydrate Functions
    05:08

Lipids

  • Guided course
    Steroids & Waxes
    03:31
  • Guided course
    Lipids
    04:19
  • Guided course
    Fatty Acids
    06:59

Proteins

  • Guided course
    Protein Structure
    04:53
  • Guided course
    Amino Acids
    04:37
  • Guided course
    Proteins
    02:50

Nucleic Acids

  • Guided course
    Nucleic Acids Example 2
    01:05
  • Guided course
    Formation & Breakdown of Nucleic Acids
    04:07
  • Guided course
    DNA vs. RNA
    05:57

ATP

  • Guided course
    Energy Coupling
    04:57
  • Guided course
    ATP
    06:44
  • Guided course
    Phosphorylation
    03:00

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

  • Guided course
    Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
    03:45
  • Guided course
    Ribosomes
    05:32
  • Guided course
    Map of the Lesson on Eukaryotic Organelles
    02:04

Biological Membranes

  • Guided course
    Biological Membranes Example 1
    02:21
  • Guided course
    Biological Membranes
    06:49

Concentration Gradients and Diffusion

  • Guided course
    Diffusion
    02:44
  • Guided course
    Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
    04:51

Introduction to Membrane Transport

  • Guided course
    Map of the Lesson on Membrane Transport
    02:26
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Membrane Transport
    03:00
  • Guided course
    Which Molecules Freely Cross Membranes?
    07:10

Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

  • Guided course
    Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
    04:59
  • Guided course
    Transport Proteins of Facilitated Diffusion
    04:49

Osmosis

  • Guided course
    Osmosis Example 1
    02:18
  • Guided course
    Osmosis
    05:59
  • Guided course
    Direction of Osmosis
    06:48

Passive vs. Active Transport

  • Guided course
    Classes of Membrane Transport Proteins
    03:41
  • Guided course
    Passive vs. Active Transport
    05:05

Active Transport

  • Guided course
    Secondary Active Transport
    06:57
  • Guided course
    Active Transport
    02:37
  • Guided course
    Primary Active Transport
    02:53

Introduction to Cell Division

  • Guided course
    Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
    04:44
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Cell Division
    09:40
  • Guided course
    Importance of Cell Division
    03:18

Introduction to the Cell Cycle

  • Guided course
    Introduction to the Cell Cycle
    04:46

Interphase

  • Guided course
    Centrosomes & Mitotic Spindles
    04:02
  • Guided course
    Interphase
    08:05

Phases of Mitosis

  • Guided course
    Phases of Mitosis
    03:21
  • Guided course
    Metaphase
    01:58
  • Guided course
    Prometaphase
    03:20

Cytokinesis

  • Guided course
    Animal Cell Cytokinesis
    02:56
  • Guided course
    Cytokinesis
    01:25
  • Guided course
    Cytokinesis Example 1
    01:59

Cell Cycle Regulation

  • Guided course
    Cell Cycle Regulation
    03:31
  • Guided course
    Cell Cycle Checkpoints
    06:32

Review of the Cell Cycle

  • Guided course
    Memorizing the Steps of the Cell Cycle
    03:20

Introduction to DNA Replication

  • Guided course
    Unwinding the DNA: Topoisomerase, Helicase & SSBs
    05:10
  • Guided course
    Components of DNA Replication
    04:47
  • Guided course
    Origin of Replication
    03:33

Central Dogma

  • Guided course
    Central Dogma
    05:45

Introduction to Transcription

  • Guided course
    Overview of Transcription
    07:44
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Transcription
    05:51

Steps of Transcription

  • Guided course
    3) Termination of Transcription
    02:44
  • Guided course
    1) Initiation of Transcription
    04:16
  • Guided course
    1) Elongation of Transcription
    04:01

Genetic Code

  • Guided course
    How to Use the Genetic Code
    11:39
  • Guided course
    Genetic Code
    01:28

Introduction to Translation

  • Guided course
    Ribosomal tRNA Binding Sites
    06:16
  • Guided course
    Ribosome Subunits
    08:42
  • Guided course
    Introduction to Translation
    06:12

Steps of Translation

  • Guided course
    2) Elongation of Translation
    04:59
  • Guided course
    3) Termination of Translation
    02:16
  • Guided course
    1) Initiation of Translation
    05:03

Post-Translational Modification

  • Guided course
    Post-Translational Modification
    04:26

Introduction to Tissues & Histology

  • Map of the Lesson on Tissues
    03:32
  • What is Histology?
    02:52
  • Intro to Human Tissues
    04:14

Introduction to Epithelial Tissue

  • Functions of Epithelial Tissue
    07:25
  • Intro to Epithelia
    03:40
  • Introduction to Epithelial Tissue Example 1
    05:24

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

  • Characteristic 5: Highly Regenerative
    02:49
  • Characteristic 2: Tightly Pressed Tissue Anchored to Basement Membrane
    06:01
  • Characteristic 1: Polarity
    04:15

Structural Naming of Epithelial Tissue

  • Structural Naming of Epithelial Tissue Example 1
    02:41
  • Structural Naming of Epithelia
    09:53

Simple Epithelial Tissues

  • Simple Epithelial Tissues Example 1
    03:38
  • Four Simple Epithelial Tissues
    01:09
  • Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
    04:49

Stratified Epithelial Tissues

  • Four Stratified Epithelial Tissues
    00:53
  • Stratified Epithelial Tissues Example 1
    04:44
  • Stratified Columnar Epithelia
    06:00

Identifying Types of Epithelial Tissue

  • Identifying Types of Epithelial Tissue Example 1
    07:25
  • Epithelium Identification Flow Chart
    16:19

Introduction to Connective Tissue

  • Functions of Connective Tissue
    06:37
  • Functions: Epithelial vs. Connective Tissue
    08:54
  • Introduction to Connective Tissue Example 1
    01:32

Classes of Connective Tissue

  • Grouping Connective Tissues
    05:58

Introduction to Connective Tissue Proper

  • Intro to Connective Tissue Proper
    04:26
  • Introduction to Connective Tissue Proper Example 1
    03:18
  • 3 Types of Protein Fibers
    05:36

Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue

  • Review of Loose Connective Tissues
    09:28
  • Areolar Connective Tissue
    08:25
  • Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue Example 1
    03:25

Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Connective Tissue

  • Putting It Together: What is Under Your Skin?
    02:52
  • Dense Regular Connective Tissue
    06:29
  • Dense Connective Tissue
    03:17

Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage

  • Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage Example 1
    01:27
  • Hyaline Cartilage
    05:36
  • Fibrocartilage
    05:20

Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone

  • Intro to Bones
    06:31
  • Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone Example 1
    02:48

Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood

  • Intro to Blood
    04:56
  • Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood Example 1
    02:26