Question 1

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, and what is the main protein involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells; hemoglobin

Question 2

A patient with blood type AB+ is considered the universal recipient. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have both A and B antigens and the Rh antigen on their erythrocytes.

Question 3

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the main site for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between blood and tissues

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity involves memory cells, while innate immunity does not.

Question 6

During inhalation, which muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

External respiration

Question 8

Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile, and what is the main function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver; emulsifies fats

Question 9

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Which of the following correctly lists its three main functions?

Accepted Answer

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 10

Which hormone system is activated in response to low blood pressure and leads to increased sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Renin-angiotensin system

Question 11

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for the maturation and storage of sperm?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one functional ovum and polar bodies, spermatogenesis produces four functional sperm.

Question 13

A patient is found to have agglutination when mixed with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies, but not with anti-B. What is their blood type?

Accepted Answer

A+

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and house immune cells that respond to pathogens.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of antibodies produced by B cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing toxins and marking pathogens for destruction

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of internal respiration?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells

Question 18

Which digestive organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a capillary wall due to hydrostatic and osmotic pressures?

Accepted Answer

Bulk flow

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the renin-angiotensin system leading to increased blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin release → Angiotensinogen conversion → Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II → Vasoconstriction

Comprehensive Study Guide for BIO163 Final Exam II (Chapters 10–16)

Study Guide - Practice Questions