Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to lower activation energy and speed up reactions.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding its acidity and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has a partial negative charge near the oxygen and a partial positive charge near the hydrogens.

Question 4

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy as products are formed.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 7

Which of the following is a property of the phospholipid bilayer that enables selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

The bilayer has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing selective passage of substances.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-life example of kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis driving muscle contraction

Question 10

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, organization, and movement.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids moving within the bilayer.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through aerobic respiration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct equation for a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a key element in the human body that makes up over 95% of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of electron carriers such as NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions