$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies their function.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a biological negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the metabolism of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 4

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which property of water is most important in helping cells maintain their shape during this condition?

Accepted Answer

Water's role in maintaining osmotic balance.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sodium ions ($\mathrm{Na^+}$) require a channel protein to cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions are charged and cannot pass through the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 $\mathrm{Na^+}$ ions out and 2 $\mathrm{K^+}$ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 8

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the uncondensed form of DNA, while chromosomes are condensed during cell division.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct base-pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids with the release of $\mathrm{H_2O}$.

Question 14

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Central Dogma of Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of isotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Solutions with equal solute concentration as the cell, resulting in no net water movement.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions