Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae in the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area to warm, moisten, and filter incoming air.

Question 2

A patient suffers a severe injury that damages the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining their trachea. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 4

During inspiration, which of the following events occurs to allow air to flow into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic volume and decreasing intra-alveolar pressure.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of air flow through the bronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

Primary bronchi → Secondary bronchi → Tertiary bronchi → Bronchioles → Terminal bronchioles → Respiratory bronchioles → Alveolar ducts → Alveolar sacs → Alveoli

Question 6

A person exhales as much air as possible after a normal expiration. Which lung volume is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oxygen moves from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses down its partial pressure gradient from higher to lower partial pressure.

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary way carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) dissolved in plasma

Question 9

A person’s blood pH decreases and their partial pressure of CO$$_2$$ ($$P_{CO_2$}) $$increases. What effect does this have on oxygen release from hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen release from hemoglobin increases.

Question 10

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 11

Which of the following lung capacities is calculated as the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

Accepted Answer

Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 12

Which respiratory center is primarily responsible for maintaining a constant breathing rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) in the medulla oblongata

Question 13

A patient with a blocked larynx requires an emergency airway. Which procedure allows air to bypass the obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Tracheostomy

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm during normal inspiration?

Accepted Answer

It contracts and moves downward, increasing thoracic cavity volume.

Question 15

Which of the following is a nonrespiratory air movement?

Accepted Answer

Sneezing

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the right lung has three lobes while the left lung has only two?

Accepted Answer

The left lung is smaller to accommodate the heart.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of alveolar pores?

Accepted Answer

They allow air to pass from one alveolus to another, equalizing air pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate and depth of breathing in response to low blood oxygen.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of gases during alveolar gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen moves from the alveolus into the capillary, while carbon dioxide moves from the capillary into the alveolus.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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