Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the AV valves and prevent prolapse during ventricular systole.

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which heart valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

AV valves are closed; semilunar valves are open.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing tachycardia. Which of the following best describes their heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Persistent resting heart rate greater than 100 bpm.

Question 4

If stroke volume decreases, what is the expected effect on cardiac output and blood pressure, and how does the body compensate?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output and blood pressure decrease; heart rate increases to compensate.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

Which vessel type has the thickest tunica media and carries blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Question 7

Which lymphatic structure collects lymph from both legs and empties into the left subclavian vein?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 8

Which organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing old red blood cells, and storing platelets?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in plasma and crosses the placenta to provide fetal protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

During an acute allergic reaction, which immunoglobulin triggers mast cells and basophils to release histamine?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Injection of antivenom after a snake bite.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract via waves of smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 13

Which cell type in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 14

Which organ produces bile, detoxifies drugs, and manufactures glycogen, but does NOT secrete digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 15

Which metabolic process describes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 16

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 17

During exercise, what happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

PO2 decreases; PCO2 increases.

Question 18

Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in which form?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion ($$HCO_3$$^-$$) in plasma.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates vitamin B12 absorption.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main stimulus for increased breathing rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($$PCO_2) in $$the blood.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Cardiovascular, Immune, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions