Question 1

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in homeostasis, and which is a classic example?

Accepted Answer

A process that reverses a deviation from the set point; for example, regulation of body temperature.

Question 2

A patient is lying face up with palms facing forward and feet together. Which anatomical position and directional term best describe the location of the sternum relative to the heart?

Accepted Answer

The sternum is anterior to the heart.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids, bases, and pH in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bases decrease the concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions, raising pH.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct pairing of a biological molecule with its basic building block (monomer)?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids – Nucleotides

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell.

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production, and what is the main process occurring there?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Question 7

A patient with a third-degree burn on the anterior surface of both arms and the anterior trunk would have what percentage of their body affected, according to the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$27\%$$

Question 8

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and forms the articular surfaces of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 9

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix, and what hormone stimulates this activity during low blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; parathyroid hormone ($$\mathrm{PTH})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium has one layer; stratified has multiple layers.

Question 11

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which part of the long bone is affected, and what type of bone tissue predominates there?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis; compact bone

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model during development.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, followed by translation in the cytoplasm.

Question 14

Which of the following joint types allows for the greatest range of motion and is found in the shoulder and hip?

Accepted Answer

Synovial (ball-and-socket)

Question 15

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to an imbalance in bone remodeling. Which hormone is likely decreased, leading to increased osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells for rapid communication.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the movement of substances across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a protein channel, without ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains cells specialized for electrical impulse conduction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the menisci in the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

They provide cushioning and improve the fit between femur and tibia.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

It is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation of synovial membranes.

Comprehensive Study Notes for Anatomy and Physiology: Chapters 1–9

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards