Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of body structures, and physiology is the study of how those structures function together.

Question 2

Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature, providing waterproofing, and sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 3

A patient is experiencing low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be released to restore homeostasis, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The effector cancels the original stimulus to restore homeostasis.

Question 5

A cell with a 2.8% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 4.1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the levels of organization in multicellular organisms, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is composed of nonpolar covalent bonds, making it hydrophobic.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the sodium-potassium pump in nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining resting membrane potential.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the dehydration synthesis diagram?

Accepted Answer

Building a polymer from monomers by removing water

Question 10

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink due to water leaving the cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels to move substances from high to low concentration without energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with pH 5.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by accepting or releasing H+ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Uterine contractions during childbirth stimulated by oxytocin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the exchange of ions and nutrients with the environment.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid heads are hydrophilic and face the aqueous environment, while tails are hydrophobic and face inward.

Comprehensive Study Notes for Basic Anatomy & Physiology (Biology 112)

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