Question 1

Which of the following best describes a polar molecule, and what is a key property it exhibits?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of charge and can form hydrogen bonds.

Question 2

Which type of heat transfer is primarily responsible for warming your hands when you hold a hot mug, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Conduction; heat is transferred directly from the mug to your skin.

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes a covalent bond from an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 4

Where would you most likely find cilia in the human body, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

In the trachea; they help move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.

Question 5

Digestive enzymes belong to which group of enzymes, and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolases; they catalyze the breakdown of molecules by adding water.

Question 6

If a species has 46 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many chromosomes will be found in its gametes?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 7

Which of the following correctly pairs DNA and RNA bases?

Accepted Answer

DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine; RNA: Adenine pairs with Uracil.

Question 8

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

Where would you find stratified keratinized epithelium, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

On the skin surface; it provides protection against abrasion and dehydration.

Question 10

What is the definition of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Question 11

What is a salt, and what can it do in the body?

Accepted Answer

A salt is an ionic compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base; it can dissociate in water to help regulate electrolyte balance.

Question 12

Sebum is produced by which glands, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands; it lubricates and waterproofs the skin.

Question 13

Which type of anatomy would study the structure of the heart as seen without a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Gross anatomy

Question 14

Which abdominal quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Right upper quadrant

Question 15

The amino group is best represented by which chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH_2$}$$

Question 16

Where is the body's thermostat located?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 17

The formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose involves the removal of which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 18

Hydrogen isotope tritium consists of which combination of subatomic particles?

Accepted Answer

1 proton, 2 neutrons, 1 electron

Question 19

Which cells are primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 20

Which element is least likely to combine with another element, and why?

Accepted Answer

Helium; it has a full valence shell.

Comprehensive Study Notes for Bio 210 Midterm: Human Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions