Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) with the same genes, while sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome formed after DNA replication.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variability by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the duct system that prevents sperm from reaching the urethra. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

A 52-year-old woman is experiencing irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, and decreased bone density. Which physiological process best explains her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Onset of menopause due to decreased responsiveness of ovarian follicles to gonadotropins

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sperm are produced in large numbers compared to oocytes?

Accepted Answer

Sperm must travel through the female reproductive tract, and many do not survive, so more sperm increases the chance of fertilization.

Question 7

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for the production of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty urinating due to compression of the prostatic urethra

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentacular cells?

Accepted Answer

It separates developing sperm cells from the immune system to prevent an autoimmune response.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen on the female body during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Development of secondary sex characteristics such as breast development and fat accumulation around the hips and thighs

Question 11

A 30-year-old woman is unable to conceive due to blocked uterine tubes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Sperm cannot reach the oocyte, preventing fertilization.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone are effective at preventing pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary, preventing the LH surge and ovulation.

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Development of the endometrial glands and secretion of glycogen-rich uterine milk

Question 14

A male patient has a sperm count of 10 million sperm cells per milliliter of semen. Which of the following is the most likely clinical implication?

Accepted Answer

He is likely to be infertile, as this count is below the threshold for fertility.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

It secretes progesterone and some estrogen to maintain the endometrium for possible implantation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the bulbourethral glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of thick, alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic urine and lubricate the urethra

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection that is asymptomatic in most people but can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women. Which infection is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominopelvic cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature about 3°C below core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm development

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of testosterone on the male body during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Deepening of the voice due to thickening of the vocal cords

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Reproductive System (Male & Female) and Gametogenesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards