Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) with the same genes but possibly different alleles, while sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome formed after DNA replication.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variability by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

A patient presents with infertility due to a blockage in the ductus deferens. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the ovarian cycle, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, triggered by positive feedback from rising estrogen levels, induces ovulation.

Question 5

A 52-year-old male presents with difficulty urinating and an enlarged prostate. His PSA level is 6.0 ng/mL. What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Recommend a tissue biopsy to check for cancerous cells.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sperm are produced in large numbers compared to oocytes?

Accepted Answer

Sperm must travel through the female reproductive tract, and many do not survive, so more sperm increases the chance of fertilization.

Question 7

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for the maturation and storage of sperm?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 8

A woman with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is experiencing infertility. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the Sertoli (sustentacular) cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

Form the blood-testis barrier and support developing sperm cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the hormonal feedback loop that regulates testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Elevated testosterone and inhibin levels inhibit GnRH, LH, and FSH secretion via negative feedback.

Question 11

Which of the following events occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Development of the endometrial glands and secretion of glycogen-rich uterine milk

Question 12

A patient is prescribed oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone. What is the primary mechanism by which these prevent pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

They provide negative feedback to inhibit FSH and LH release, preventing follicle maturation and ovulation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of oogenesis compared to spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis begins before birth and is arrested until puberty, while spermatogenesis begins at puberty.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the scrotum is located outside the abdominopelvic cavity?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature about 3°C below core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm development

Question 15

A patient with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of estrogen on the female body?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of osteoclasts, leading to reduced bone breakdown

Question 17

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by a virus and is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 18

A 25-year-old woman has a 35-day menstrual cycle. On which day is ovulation most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Day 21

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

It secretes progesterone and some estrogen to maintain the uterine lining.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible reason why a vasectomy does not affect testosterone levels in males?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is produced by interstitial (Leydig) cells in the testes, and vasectomy only blocks the ductus deferens.

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Reproductive System (Male & Female) and Gametogenesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards