Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells targeting extracellular pathogens, while cellular immunity involves T cells targeting intracellular pathogens.

Question 2

What is the definition of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Any substance that causes the body to produce antibodies (antibody generating).

Question 3

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the initial response to a new antigen exposure?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 4

A patient receives a monoclonal antibody infusion for treatment. Which type of acquired immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major outcome of antigen-antibody interactions?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis by B cells

Question 6

During a secondary immune response, which antibody shows a quicker and higher response compared to the primary response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Helper T cells (CD4) are essential for activating other immune cells. Which cytokine do they secrete to stimulate this process?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Question 8

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood and is responsible for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 9

A child receives antibodies from their mother through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Natural passive immunity

Question 10

Which process involves antibodies binding to pathogens to enhance their uptake and destruction by phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 11

Which T cell subtype directly kills infected cells by inducing apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8)

Question 12

Which antibody class is most important in allergic reactions and defense against parasites?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 13

If a person is vaccinated against a disease, which type of acquired immunity is being developed?

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 14

Which antibody class is secreted into mucosal surfaces and protects against pathogens in saliva and tears?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 15

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which antibody is produced first, and what is the pattern of its production?

Accepted Answer

IgM is produced first, then declines as IgG increases.

Question 16

Which outcome of antigen-antibody binding blocks the adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Question 17

Which helper T cell subtype activates macrophages and cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells?

Accepted Answer

TH1 helper cells

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between antigen concentration and antibody binding in a typical immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antibody binding follows a saturation curve: $$y = \frac{V_{max} \cdot [Antigen]}{K_m + [Antigen]}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why secondary immune responses are faster and stronger than primary responses?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells produced during the primary response allow for rapid and robust IgG production.

Question 20

A patient with a viral infection is most likely to benefit from which arm of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cellular immunity, because cytotoxic T cells target and destroy infected cells.

Crash Course in Immunology: Adaptive Immunity and Antibody Response

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