Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gastrulation during human development?

Accepted Answer

The migration and rearrangement of cells in the bilaminar embryonic disc to form the three primary germ layers

Question 2

A couple is unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The male partner is found to have a low sperm count. Which assisted reproductive technology would most directly address this issue?

Accepted Answer

Intrauterine (Artificial) Insemination (IUI)

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum and is the basis for most pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 4

A genetic disorder is found to be X-linked recessive. If a carrier female (XᴺXⁿ) and a normal male (XᴺY) have a child, what is the probability their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Capacitation → Acrosomal reaction → Cortical reaction → Amphimixis

Question 6

A newborn is evaluated with an Apgar score of 6 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The newborn had some initial distress but improved to a healthy status

Question 7

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 8

A woman is pregnant with twins. Genetic testing reveals that the twins are genetically identical. Which event most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

The cells of the conceptus separated within the first 8 days after fertilization

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fetal hemoglobin is more efficient at picking up oxygen than maternal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than maternal hemoglobin

Question 10

A child is born with sickle-cell trait. Which genotype does this child have?

Accepted Answer

$$Ss$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a premature birth before 24 weeks gestation?

Accepted Answer

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) due to lack of surfactant production

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?

Accepted Answer

It invades the endometrium and secretes hCG to maintain the corpus luteum

Question 13

A woman with genotype $$I^A i$$ and a man with genotype $$I^B i$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of Wharton’s jelly in the umbilical cord?

Accepted Answer

It insulates and protects the umbilical vessels

Question 15

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A trait is controlled by the combined effects of two or more genes

Question 16

During which stage of labor does the amnion typically rupture, releasing amniotic fluid ('water breaking')?

Accepted Answer

Dilation stage

Question 17

A newborn is found to have a metabolic disorder during routine screening. Why is early detection of such disorders important?

Accepted Answer

Early treatment can prevent long-term complications

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a woman may experience varicose veins and leg edema during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The growing uterus presses on pelvic blood vessels, impairing venous return

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the inheritance of freckles, a dominant trait represented by 'F'?

Accepted Answer

Both FF and Ff genotypes will result in the phenotype of freckles

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the physical expression of the trait

Development and Heredity: Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 27 Study Notes

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