Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process occurring in the first image (showing many sperm surrounding an oocyte)?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization, where many sperm attempt to penetrate the oocyte, but only one succeeds in fusing with the oocyte membrane.

Question 2

During fertilization, which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down the bonds between adjacent follicle cells of the corona radiata?

Accepted Answer

Hyaluronidase

Question 3

What is the significance of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It prevents polyspermy by inactivating sperm receptors and hardening the zona pellucida.

Question 4

Which stage of development is depicted by a solid ball of cells resembling a mulberry, as seen in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Morula

Question 5

What is the primary function of the trophoblast in early embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

To provide nutrients to the developing embryo and participate in implantation

Question 6

Which extraembryonic membrane is the first to form and is an important site of blood cell formation?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Question 7

During which week does the blastocyst typically implant into the uterine wall?

Accepted Answer

Week 1

Question 8

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blastocyst implants outside the uterus, often in the uterine tube.

Question 10

Which hormone, produced by the syncytial trophoblast, is the basis for most pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 11

What is the main function of relaxin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis and dilates the cervix

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

Migration of cells to form three distinct germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the first trimester?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage → Implantation → Placentation → Embryogenesis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the first trimester is considered the most dangerous period in prenatal life?

Accepted Answer

The foundations for all major organ systems are established, and many embryos do not survive this period.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosomal content of a zygote after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 46$$

Question 16

A genetic disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. If both parents are heterozygous (Aa), what is the probability that their child will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood, where both A and B antigens are expressed

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk ejection (let-down reflex) during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the placenta as an endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes hormones such as hCG, hPL, relaxin, progesterone, and estrogens.

Question 20

During which stage of labor does the amniochorionic membrane typically rupture ('water breaks')?

Accepted Answer

Dilation stage

Development and Inheritance: From Fertilization to Genetics

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