Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of capacitation in sperm?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which sperm gain the ability to fertilize an oocyte after exposure to the female reproductive tract.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for secreting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after implantation?

Accepted Answer

Trophoblasts

Question 3

A patient presents with painless, profuse vaginal bleeding at 24 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound reveals the placenta covering the cervical os. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Placenta previa

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the slow block to polyspermy during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Release of zonal inhibiting proteins that destroy sperm receptors on the oocyte membrane

Question 5

Which embryonic membrane is primarily responsible for forming the fetal portion of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

Chorion

Question 6

During which week of embryonic development does organogenesis begin?

Accepted Answer

8th week

Question 7

Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 8

A mutation prevents the formation of the foramen ovale in a fetus. Which organ system will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why maternal and fetal blood do not mix in the placenta?

Accepted Answer

To prevent maternal cytotoxic T cells from attacking fetal cells

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Formation of an impenetrable fertilization membrane

Question 11

A blastocyst consists of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Blastocoel, inner cell mass, and trophoblast

Question 12

Which fetal shunt allows blood to bypass the liver?

Accepted Answer

Ductus venosus

Question 13

Which of the following is a critical role of folate during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of neural tube defects such as spina bifida

Question 14

Which event marks the transition from embryo to fetus?

Accepted Answer

Completion of organogenesis around the 9th week

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the yolk sac in human development?

Accepted Answer

It contributes to early blood cell and germ cell formation.

Question 16

A patient is found to have an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Implantation of the embryo outside the uterus

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of early embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Zygote → Blastomere → Morula → Blastocyst

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the allantois during development?

Accepted Answer

It contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord and urinary bladder.

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the formation of the three primary germ layers in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation

Question 20

Which of the following fetal milestones occurs between weeks 21 and 30 of gestation?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of neurons and surfactant production

Development and Inheritance: Human Embryo and Fetal Development

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