Question 1

Which enzyme found in saliva is responsible for the initial breakdown of starch in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 2

A patient has a blockage at the ileocecal valve. Which two regions of the digestive tract are directly affected by this blockage?

Accepted Answer

Ileum and cecum

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

Question 4

Which anatomical structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in the enzyme produced by the pancreas that neutralizes acidic chyme would most likely have problems in which part of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the regions of the stomach from entry to exit?

Accepted Answer

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of excess water and formation of feces

Question 8

Which of the following is the hardest substance in the human body and covers only the crown of the tooth?

Accepted Answer

Enamel

Question 9

A patient with a mutation that prevents the production of lysozyme in saliva would be most susceptible to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased bacterial infections in the oral cavity

Question 10

Which hormone produced by the pancreas lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Wave-like contraction of smooth muscle to propel food

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for anchoring the tooth into the alveolar socket of the jawbone?

Accepted Answer

Periodontal ligament

Question 13

Which of the following is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 14

Which of the following is a conjugated breakdown product of heme found in bile?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 16

A patient with a mutation that prevents the production of bicarbonate in the pancreas would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased acidity in the duodenum

Question 17

Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Question 18

Which of the following is the universal donor blood type?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in cells?

Accepted Answer

Site of aerobic cellular respiration and ATP production

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with myeloblastic leukemia. Which cell lineage is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Myeloid stem cells

Digestive System and Blood: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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