Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 2

A patient presents with severe heartburn and regurgitation of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus. Which sphincter is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 3

Which layer of the digestive tract wall is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis

Question 4

A 7-year-old child presents with patches of white, cheesy exudate on the tongue and oral mucosa that bleed easily. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for enzyme action

Question 6

A patient with a history of chronic alcohol abuse develops jaundice, ascites, and portal hypertension. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the initial breakdown of starches in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 8

A newborn is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Frequent vomiting after feeding

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the main organs of the alimentary canal from proximal to distal?

Accepted Answer

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of segmentation in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A back-and-forth action that mixes and chops food

Question 11

A patient with untreated GERD is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Barrett esophagus

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the submucosa layer of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow 2\,\mathrm{C_6H_{12}$$O_6$$}$

Question 14

A patient with a low-fiber, high-fat diet and a family history of colon polyps is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Colorectal cancer

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has a large surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

It contains villi and microvilli

Question 16

Which of the following is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Infection with Helicobacter pylori

Question 17

A patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and ultrasound reveals stones in the gallbladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cholelithiasis

Question 18

Which of the following is the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and formation of feces

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 20

A patient with a ruptured appendix is at high risk for which life-threatening complication?

Accepted Answer

Peritonitis

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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