$$\text{Disaccharide} + H_2O \rightarrow \text{Monosaccharide}_1 + \text{Monosaccharide}_2$$

$$\text{Glucose}_{\text{lumen}} \rightarrow \text{Glucose}_{\text{capillary}}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the alimentary canal is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation movements?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 2

During carbohydrate digestion, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 3

What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 4

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 5

A patient with a damaged lower esophageal sphincter is most likely to experience which condition?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux

Question 6

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disaccharide} + H_2O ightarrow 	ext{Monosaccharide}_1 + 	ext{Monosaccharide}_2$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive organ?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 8

Which cell type in the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 9

Fat digestion is initiated by the action of bile salts. What is the primary function of bile salts?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifying fats

Question 10

Which anatomical feature distinguishes the large intestine from the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Shorter length and larger diameter

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the path of amino acids after absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Into capillary blood in villi, then to liver via hepatic portal vein

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 13

A patient with a deficiency in brush border enzymes would have difficulty digesting which type of nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides

Question 14

Which histological feature is unique to the ileum of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Peyer’s patches

Question 15

Which process is primarily responsible for moving food through the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 16

Which equation represents the absorption of glucose into the capillary blood in the villi?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{lumen}} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}_{	ext{capillary}}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the submucosa in the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Providing blood supply and nerve plexuses

Question 18

Which structure is responsible for the production of bile?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

Transports absorbed nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver

Question 20

Which cell type is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Acinar cells

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions