Q: Based on the fifth image, what is the dental formula for primary (deciduous) teeth, and how many teeth does it represent?

$$2I, 1C, 2M ($$upper) / $$2I, 1C, 2M ($$lower) \times 2 = 20$ teeth

Q: Which of the following is the correct dental formula for permanent teeth as shown in the sixth image?

$$2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M ($$upper) / $$2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M ($$lower) \times 2 = 32$ teeth

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the structure shown in the first image (digestive system overview)?

Accepted Answer

To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate indigestible remains

Question 2

In the second image (sagittal section of the oral cavity and pharynx), which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Soft palate

Question 3

Referencing the third image (oral cavity, anterior view), what is the function of the uvula during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It closes off the nasopharynx to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

Question 4

Based on the fifth image, what is the dental formula for primary (deciduous) teeth, and how many teeth does it represent?

Accepted Answer

$$2I, 1C, 2M ($$upper) / $$2I, 1C, 2M ($$lower) 	imes 2 = 20$ teeth

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct dental formula for permanent teeth as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

$$2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M ($$upper) / $$2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M ($$lower) 	imes 2 = 32$ teeth

Question 6

The seventh image shows a cross-section of which digestive organ, and what is a key function of this organ?

Accepted Answer

Esophagus; transports food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis

Question 7

In the eighth image (stomach anatomy), what is the function of the rugae seen in the stomach lining?

Accepted Answer

To allow the stomach to expand when filled with food

Question 8

According to the hormone table (ninth image), which hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction and the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 9

Based on the tenth image (hormone table), which hormone is released in response to acidic chyme and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 10

The thirteenth image shows a microscopic view of the liver. What is the functional unit of the liver depicted here, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Liver lobule; processes nutrient-rich blood and produces bile

Question 11

Which structure, shown in the fourteenth image (liver lobule detail), is responsible for removing debris and old red blood cells from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Stellate macrophages (Kupffer cells)

Question 12

The sixteenth image shows the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Which of the following statements is correct regarding their digestive functions?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas supplies most digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 13

In the nineteenth image (small intestine wall), what is the primary function of the villi?

Accepted Answer

To absorb nutrients and electrolytes

Question 14

The twenty-first image shows the large intestine. What is the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reclamation of water and electrolytes, and propulsion of feces

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the absorption pathway of monosaccharides in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorbed via cotransport with Na$$^+$$ into epithelial cells, then by facilitated diffusion into capillaries

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the movement of food through the esophagus, as seen in the cross-section image?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of bile salts produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats to aid in their digestion and absorption

Question 18

Which hormone, as shown in the hormone tables, inhibits gastric secretion and motility and stimulates the release of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 19

What is the main function of the brush border enzymes located in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To perform the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Processes

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