Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic processes of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 2

During carbohydrate digestion, which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 3

Which transporter is responsible for the apical uptake of glucose and galactose in enterocytes?

Accepted Answer

SGLT

Question 4

Which hormone stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder for fat digestion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 5

What is the primary function of tonic contractions in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Preventing the bolus from moving backwards

Question 6

Which process is illustrated by the movement of a bolus through the esophagus via sequential muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 7

Which of the following is the LEAST digestible protein source for humans?

Accepted Answer

Soybean

Question 8

What is the main function of the brush border enzymes in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving internal peptide bonds in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Endopeptidase

Question 10

In the process of fat digestion and absorption, what is the role of bile salts?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifying large fat droplets into smaller micelles

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the movement of monoglycerides and fatty acids during absorption?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion out of micelles into enterocytes

Question 12

Which hormone acts as a negative feedback signal to inhibit gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin

Question 13

What is the main function of the large intestine in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Concentration of waste for excretion

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the activation of pancreatic zymogens?

Accepted Answer

Trypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase in the brush border

Question 15

Which equation best represents the neutralization of gastric acid by bicarbonate in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^- + H^+ \rightarrow H_2CO_3}$$

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor would most likely have difficulty absorbing which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 17

Which phase of digestion is triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food and involves a feedforward response?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the movement of glucose from the intestinal lumen into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Glucose enters the cell with Na+ on the SGLT symporter and exits on GLUT2

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of diarrhea in the context of digestive physiology?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration due to excessive loss of water and ions

Question 20

Which equation best represents the breakdown of a peptide bond by water (hydrolysis)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Peptide + H_2O \rightarrow Amino\ $$acid_1$$ + Amino\ $$acid_2$$}$$

Digestive System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions