Question 1

Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for secreting insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 2

Glucagon increases blood glucose levels primarily by promoting which process in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 3

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is unable to produce insulin. Which of the following would you expect to find in their urine?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and ketone bodies

Question 4

Which hormone produced by adipose tissue acts as an insulin antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Resistin

Question 5

What is the main function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to increased stretch and reduces blood volume and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 7

Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Stimulating gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 9

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which three cardinal symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Question 10

Which hormone produced by the skin is converted to its active form in the kidneys and is essential for calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Cholecalciferol

Question 11

What is the primary trigger for glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells?

Accepted Answer

Falling blood glucose levels

Question 12

Which hormone produced by bone stimulates pancreatic beta cells to divide and secrete more insulin?

Accepted Answer

Osteocalcin

Question 13

In the context of diabetes mellitus, what is the physiological consequence of excessive glucose in the kidney filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diuresis leading to polyuria

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and is used as a marker for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of severe ketoacidosis in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Rapid, deep breathing (hyperpnea)

Question 16

Which hormone produced by the thymus is involved in the development of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 17

Which hormone class do gonadal hormones belong to, and which major endocrine gland also produces hormones of this class?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones; adrenal cortex

Question 18

Which hormone produced by adipose tissue enhances sensitivity to insulin?

Accepted Answer

Adiponectin

Question 19

What is the effect of hyperinsulinism on blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 20

Which hormone is released by the gastrointestinal tract and helps regulate digestive functions?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas, Gonads, and Other Organs

Study Guide - Practice Questions