Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches the adrenal cortex zone with its primary hormone product?

Accepted Answer

Zona reticularis – produces androgenic steroids

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Which adrenal hormone disorder is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hyperaldosteronism

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which aldosterone increases blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates sodium and chloride reabsorption, which indirectly increases water reabsorption

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's immediate response to a stressor, such as being chased by a predator?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 5

A patient with Cushing syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Muscle wasting and central obesity

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct effect of aldosterone on kidney tubule cells?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium-potassium ATPase pump expression

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and increases blood glucose by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 8

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is at risk for ketoacidosis because:

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is unopposed, leading to increased ketone production

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why patients with Addison disease are at risk for an adrenal crisis during stress?

Accepted Answer

They cannot produce adequate cortisol to respond to stress

Question 10

Which hormone is produced by the heart and lowers blood pressure by promoting natriuresis and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the negative feedback regulation of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH release

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on its target cells?

Accepted Answer

Promotes uptake of glucose, amino acids, and lipids

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus to promote satiety?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 15

A patient with a tumor in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would most likely have elevated levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood oxygen and stimulates erythrocyte production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why synthetic leptin supplements are not effective for weight loss in most obese individuals?

Accepted Answer

Obese individuals often have leptin resistance, not leptin deficiency

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of male secondary sex characteristics and increasing muscle mass?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 19

During exercise, which hormones are primarily responsible for increasing the metabolic rate and ensuring fuel availability?

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines and glucagon

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone when plasma volume decreases?

Accepted Answer

Both hormones increase, leading to decreased urine output

Endocrine System: Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, and Hormonal Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions