Question 1

Which gland, labeled in the anatomical diagram, is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism through the secretion of thyroxine ($$T_4) $$and triiodothyronine ($$T_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of $$T_3$$ and $$T_4. $$Which gland is most likely underactive?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ($$ACTH)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the pancreas as an endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood glucose by releasing insulin and glucagon

Question 5

A histological slide shows clusters of cells with a central lumen surrounded by follicular cells. Which gland is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 7

A patient with Addison’s disease has decreased secretion of hormones from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 8

Which hormone, released from the anterior pituitary, stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone ($$TSH)$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a neuroendocrine organ that produces hormones and is located in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 10

A patient has elevated blood glucose levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 12

Which gland produces hormones involved in the stress response and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 13

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase calcium concentration in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone ($$PTH)$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of follicle stimulating hormone ($$FSH) in $$the human body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis

Question 15

A tumor in the pituitary gland causing excess growth hormone ($$GH) $$secretion in adulthood would most likely result in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 16

Which hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of $$ACTH$$ from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone ($$CRH)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption

Question 18

A patient with a pituitary tumor has decreased secretion of $$TSH. $$Which downstream effect is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Decreased thyroid hormone production

Question 19

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the feedback mechanism controlling cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex

Endocrine System Structure and Function Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards