Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete chemicals onto epithelial surfaces through ducts.

Question 2

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of dehydration and very concentrated urine. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

Which pathway correctly describes the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 7

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary is found to have elevated cortisol levels. Which hormone is most likely being overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct effect of growth hormone (GH) on target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver and increases protein synthesis in muscle

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to increased solute concentration in the blood and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and estrogen production

Question 11

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is triggered by stretching of the uterus or infant suckling at the nipple?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) – Thyroid gland

Question 13

Which hormone is released in response to infant suckling and promotes milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates the production of sex hormones by the gonads?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 16

A patient has low levels of thyroid hormones despite normal hypothalamic function. Which pituitary hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 17

Which hormone is released in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of mammary glands and milk production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 19

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and stimulates gamete production?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 20

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions