Question 1

Which gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, such as thyroxine ($$T_4) $$and triiodothyronine ($$T_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 2

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in response, and which gland produces it?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

A person with a tumor in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would most likely have abnormal levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 6

If a patient has high blood glucose levels, which hormone will be secreted to lower it, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Insulin from the pancreas

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to long-term stress and increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics in males?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 9

A patient is unable to produce enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Which gland will be directly affected by this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol; increases blood glucose levels

Question 12

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

A patient with an overactive parathyroid gland would likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium)

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by the pancreatic islets and raises blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 15

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and is produced by the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Estrogens and progesterone

Question 16

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla in response to acute stress and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates gamete production in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would most likely present with which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Excessive urination (polyuria)

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Androgens; contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels and what is its target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; bone

Endocrine System Study Guide – BIOL 2402

Study Guide - Practice Questions