Q: Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose and what is the equation for its effect on glucose uptake by cells?

Insulin; $$\Delta [\text{Glucose}]_{\text{blood}} = -k \cdot [\text{Insulin}]$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones, and from which gland is it secreted?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood glucose levels after a meal. Which hormone is released to lower blood glucose, and what is its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; targets most body cells to increase glucose uptake

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

A patient has low calcium levels in the blood. Which hormone will be secreted to increase blood calcium, and from which gland?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland

Question 5

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, and what is its main effect?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in males, and which gland produces it?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone from the testes

Question 7

A patient is experiencing symptoms of chronic stress. Which hormone is likely elevated, and from which part of the adrenal gland is it secreted?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol from the zona fasciculata

Question 8

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts primarily on the liver to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 9

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 10

A patient has an overactive thyroid gland. Which hormone would you expect to be elevated in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 11

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla during a 'fight or flight' response, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood glucose

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females and testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 14

A patient is unable to concentrate urine and is producing large volumes of dilute urine. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

Which hormone is produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and lowers blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle and is produced by the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Estrogens and progesterone

Question 17

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 18

A patient has a tumor in the anterior pituitary causing excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. What condition might develop in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 19

Which hormone is produced by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Androgens; contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose and what is the equation for its effect on glucose uptake by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; $$\Delta [	ext{Glucose}]_{	ext{blood}} = -k \cdot [	ext{Insulin}]$$

Endocrine System Study Guide – Structure Identification and Hormone Function

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