Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the function and mechanism of a physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Function explains why a process occurs, while mechanism explains how it occurs.

Question 2

Which of the following feedback mechanisms is responsible for reinforcing a change in a physiological variable, such as the release of oxytocin during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 3

Which three elements make up approximately 90% of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with a pH of 3 has a higher [H+] than a solution with a pH of 7.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular movement?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for motor proteins to move organelles along cytoskeletal fibers.

Question 7

In the context of energy transfer in ecosystems, what percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Accepted Answer

$$10\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction releases energy, and the products have less free energy than the reactants.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct representation of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are not altered by the reaction.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and produces the majority of ATP during aerobic respiration.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They donate high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It involves the assembly of multiple protein subunits into a functional complex.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the human body is considered an open system in thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

It exchanges both energy and materials with its environment.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of a feedforward control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Salivation at the sight or smell of food

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of alternative splicing in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds molecules and requires energy.

Energy and Cellular Metabolism: Structured Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards