Question 1

Which process is responsible for joining monosaccharides to form polysaccharides, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released

Question 2

Refer to Figure 2.22. What role does the enzyme play in the dehydration synthesis reaction shown?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the activation energy and is not used up

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA as shown in Figure 2.24?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Which nucleotide is NOT found in DNA, as shown in Figure 2.23?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 5

What is the main function of ATP in cells, as illustrated in Figure 2.26?

Accepted Answer

To provide a universal energy source by releasing energy when a phosphate bond is broken

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell, as shown in Figure 3.7?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

In Figure 3.5, which structure contains the cell’s genetic material and is surrounded by a double membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why hydrolysis of ATP releases energy, as shown in Figure 2.26?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups releases energy

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a DNA base with its complementary base, as shown in Figure 2.24?

Accepted Answer

Thymine – Adenine

Question 10

Which process is the reverse of dehydration synthesis and is essential for digestion of macromolecules, as shown in Figure 2.13?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the nucleolus, as shown in Figure 3.6, is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces ribosomal RNA and proteins

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, as shown in Figure 3.7?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER synthesizes proteins, which are then packaged by the smooth ER

Essential Concepts in Human Biology: Organic Molecules, Cellular Structure, and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions