$$\text{DNA}_{ ext{parent}} \rightarrow \text{DNA}_{ ext{parent}} + \text{DNA}_{ ext{daughter}}$$

$$\text{Cartilage} \rightarrow \text{Bone}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the G1 phase of interphase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

The phase where the cell grows and carries out normal metabolic functions.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

A patient presents with a skin injury that only affects the epidermis. Which of the following structures is LEAST likely to be damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 4

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 5

Which equation best represents the process of DNA replication during the S phase of interphase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA}_{	ext{parent}} ightarrow 	ext{DNA}_{	ext{parent}} + 	ext{DNA}_{	ext{daughter}}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 7

A bone fracture that breaks the bone into several fragments is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous production of new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Haversian system (osteon) in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

A central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae

Question 11

Which hormone is most directly involved in stimulating bone growth during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Cartilage} ightarrow 	ext{Bone}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint?

Accepted Answer

Knee joint

Question 14

A patient with a mutation affecting the cell cycle checkpoint in G2 is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division leading to cancer

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of dendritic cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense against pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

The papillary layer is superficial and contains loose connective tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of bone growth in length?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone resorption} + 	ext{Bone deposition} = 	ext{Calcium balance}$$

Question 20

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which type of bone fracture, and what is the primary underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture due to decreased bone density

Exam 2 Review Guidance: Cell Cycle, Integumentary System, Bone & Joints

Study Guide - Practice Questions