Question 1

Which structure is responsible for the production of female gametes and the secretion of estrogens, progesterone, and inhibin?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Question 2

During the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle, what causes the degeneration of the functional layer of the endometrium?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of spiral arteries

Question 3

Which segment of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary and is lined with cilia to help move the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Infundibulum

Question 4

What is the primary function of the myometrium in the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Providing force to move the fetus from uterus into vagina

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for initiating repair and growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 6

At what stage of oogenesis is the secondary oocyte released from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Suspended in metaphase II

Question 7

Which structure forms from the remnants of the tertiary follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Question 8

What is the effect of a sudden surge in LH concentration during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Triggers completion of meiosis I, rupture of follicular wall, and ovulation

Question 9

Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes dramatic changes during the uterine cycle and is lost during menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Functional layer

Question 10

Which hormone is dominant during the luteal phase and causes an increase in basal body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 11

What is the primary function of the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Nourishing the newborn infant

Question 12

Which process describes the degeneration of most primary oocytes before puberty?

Accepted Answer

Atresia

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating follicular development in the ovary?

Accepted Answer

FSH

Question 14

What is the role of peg cells in the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

Secrete fluid that completes capacitation of sperm and supplies nutrients

Question 15

Which event marks the end of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Formation of corpus albicans

Question 16

Which hormone is synthesized from androstenedione via aromatase in granulosa cells?

Accepted Answer

Estradiol

Question 17

During which phase of the uterine cycle do uterine glands enlarge and secretion rates increase?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of estrogens?

Accepted Answer

Trigger formation of corpus luteum

Question 19

What is the effect of menopause on hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, FSH and LH increase

Question 20

Which equation best represents the chromosomal change during meiosis I in oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Female Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions