Q: What is the normal range for blood potassium levels?

$$3.5 \text{ to } 5.1 \text{ mEq/L}$$

Question 1

Which body fluid compartment contains the largest volume of water in a healthy adult male?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 2

Based on the provided images, which group has the highest percentage of body weight made up of water?

Accepted Answer

Newborn infant

Question 3

Which of the following is a major avenue for water output from the body, as shown in the diagram of fluid inputs and outputs?

Accepted Answer

Sweating from skin

Question 4

What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland to decrease urine volume and increase extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 5

If capillary blood pressure increases, what is the immediate effect on fluid movement?

Accepted Answer

Fluid moves from plasma to interstitial fluid

Question 6

Which of the following is a sign of dehydration that can be tested clinically, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Loss of skin elasticity (turgor)

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism by which aldosterone increases extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

Accepted Answer

Increasing kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium and water

Question 8

Which electrolyte imbalance is characterized by blood sodium levels greater than 145 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 9

A patient presents with muscle weakness, paralysis, and cardiac arrest. Blood tests reveal potassium levels above 5.1 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Essential for normal heartbeat

Question 11

What is the effect of excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on sodium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It causes hyponatremia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sodium and water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Where sodium goes, water soon follows

Question 13

Which of the following is a common cause of hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

Abuse of diuretics

Question 14

What is the normal range for blood potassium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$3.5 	ext{ to } 5.1 	ext{ mEq/L}$$

Question 15

Which clinical sign is associated with hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactive reflexes and muscle twitching

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why obese individuals have less body water per kilogram?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue contains less water than other tissues

Question 17

Which fluid compartment is most likely to fluctuate in volume during fluid imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid (IF)

Question 18

What is the effect of blood plasma protein concentration on water movement?

Accepted Answer

It attracts water and holds it in the plasma

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of pitting edema, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Depressions in the skin do not rapidly refill after pressure

Question 20

A patient receives a massive infusion of sodium-free IV solution. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Structure, Regulation, and Clinical Imbalances

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