Question 1

Which body fluid compartment contains the largest volume of water in a healthy adult male?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 2

Why do obese individuals have a lower percentage of body water compared to lean individuals?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue contains less water than other tissues.

Question 3

Which hormone increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and water, thereby increasing extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

A patient presents with muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and abdominal distention. Laboratory results show a blood potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased capillary blood pressure on fluid movement?

Accepted Answer

It pushes water from the blood into the interstitial fluid.

Question 6

A marathon runner collapses after drinking large amounts of water but not replacing electrolytes. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 7

Which of the following is a major cation found in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K+)

Question 8

What is the primary mechanism by which the body regulates fluid intake?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of thirst by the hypothalamus

Question 9

Which of the following is a likely cause of hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Paget disease

Question 10

A patient with severe burns is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance due to loss of sodium-free fluids?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why infants are at higher risk for dehydration compared to adults?

Accepted Answer

They have a higher percentage of body water.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a source of fluid output in the body?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic water

Question 13

A patient with pitting edema is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased interstitial fluid volume

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between total body water (TBW), body weight (BW), and percentage of water (%W) in an adult male?

Accepted Answer

$$TBW = BW 	imes 0.6$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a common clinical sign of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Loss of skin elasticity (turgor)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on sodium and water balance?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption and decreases urine output

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence of water intoxication?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 18

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for normal heartbeat, nerve function, and blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 19

A patient with a blood sodium level of 150 mEq/L is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of plasma proteins in fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

They act as a water-pulling force, holding water in the blood.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Structure, Regulation, and Clinical Imbalances

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